• Workshop at MuC’19: „Emotions in the Age of Automated Driving – Developing Use Cases for Empathic Cars“

    On: 8. August 2019
    In: Automotive, Traffic Psychology
    Views: 114
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    Join our workshop „Emotions in the Age of Automated Driving – Developing Use Cases for Empathic Cars“ at MuC’19:

    Improving user experience of highly automated vehicles is key to increase their acceptance. One possibility to realize this is the design of empathic cars that are capable of assessing the emotional state of vehicle occupants and react to it accordingly by providing tailored support. At the moment, the central challenge is to derive relevant use cases as basis for the design of future empathic cars. Therefore, we propose a workshop that aims to bring together researchers and practitioners interested in affective computing, affective interfaces and automated driving as forum for the development of a roadmap towards empathic vehicles using design thinking methods. During the workshop, we will gain a common understanding of the central concepts and listen to impulse talks about current and recent projects on emotions during automated driving. Based on this, relevant use cases are generated in group work and discussed with the goal to identify potential research and knowledge gaps. Finally, a road map for research towards the realization of automated empathic cars is formulated from the results.

     

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  • German bike messengers’ experiences and expressions of cycling anger

    On: 8. August 2019
    In: Traffic Psychology
    Views: 116
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    Our latest paper on cycling anger is online:

    Oehl, M., Brandenburg, S., & Huemer, A. K. (2019). German bike messengers’ experiences and expressions of cycling anger. Traffic Injury Prevention. https://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2019.1616179

    Get your free copy here (50 prints available).

     

    Abstract

    Objective: The present study has 3 objectives: First, we wanted to examine whether the Cycling Anger Scale (CAS) applies to German professional bike messengers, because this scale was previously developed with nonprofessional cyclists in Germany. Second, we wanted to look at possible differences in cycling anger experience and expression between professional German bike messengers and nonprofessional German cyclists. Third, we explored whether cycling anger is somehow related to driving anger and general anger.

    Methods: We applied German versions of the CAS, the Driving Anger Scale (DAS), and the State–Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI) to a sample of 123 professional German bike messengers. Then we compared their ratings with the results of 421 nonprofessional German cyclists.

    Results: Regarding our first objective, results indicate that the CAS model fit is better for nonprofessional than for professional cyclists. However, the CAS in a slightly modified version can be used for professional cyclists as well. As for our second objective, we show that professional cyclists experience significantly less cycling anger than nonprofessional cyclists. However, bike messengers report more frequent aggressive cycling behaviors when angry, indicating a weaker link between trait anger while cycling and aggressive behavior among professionals. Thirdly, we found relations between cycling anger, driving anger, and general anger.

    Conclusions: We conclude that the CAS in its slightly modified 13-item version with the established 4 subscales produces an acceptable model fit and can be applied to professional German bike messengers for further research purposes or applied issues; for example, traffic education or self-awareness in terms of accident prevention behaviors. In addition, for professional cyclists, less anger does not result in less aggressive cycling behaviors. Subsequent research should explore the role of anger in behavioral regulation of cyclists’ unsafe cycling behaviors taking different levels of experience and professionalism into account in order to reduce adverse effects of anger on traffic safety.

    Keywords: Cycling anger, cycling anger experience, professional cyclists, nonprofessional cyclists
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  • Driving anger expression in Germany – Validation of the Driving Anger Expression Inventory for German drivers

    On: 18. März 2019
    In: Automotive, Traffic Psychology
    Views: 208
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    Our most current paper on driving anger is online:

    Brandenburg, S., Oehl, M., & Hartwig, C. (2019). Driving Anger Expression in Germany – Validation of the Driving Anger Expression Inventory for German Drivers. Traffic Injury Prevention. DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2018.1493467

     

    Abstract

    Objective: The main objective of this article is to examine whether the Driving Anger Expression Inventory (DAX) applies to German drivers because this scale has previously been given to drivers in many different countries.

    Methods: We applied German versions of the DAX, the Driving Anger Scale (DAS), and the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI) to a sample of 501 German drivers. We computed confirmatory factor analysis and principal axis factoring (PAF) analysis to examine the structure of driving anger expression in Germany. Finally, we related the drivers’ anger exp ression scores to their driving anger experiences and their general anger propensities to assess the validity of the DAX for German drivers.

    Results: Results indicated that the DAX’s original factor structure does not apply to German drivers because the confirmatory factor analysis did not show a good model fit. An item analysis revealed that many DAX items had no meaningful variability. They were excluded from further analysis. The subsequent PAF analysis indicated that German drivers do not use personal physical aggression to express their driving anger. Instead, they reported unique preventive anger expression management behavior. In addition, their driving anger expressions were significantly related to their driving anger experiences and their general anger propensities indicated the validity of the refined DAX for German drivers.

    Conclusions: We conclude that German drivers do not use strong behaviors to express their driving anger. Many statements of Deffenbacher et al.’s (Behav Res Ther. 40:717–737, 2002) original American questionnaire were not applicable for our sample of German drivers. These findings are in line with several other studies showing discrepancies in driving anger expression in various countries. Future investigations should examine the reasons for discrepancies in driving anger expression.

    Keywords: Driving anger expression, personality and driving, Driving Anger Expression Inventory (DAX), emotions in driving

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  • Cyclists’ anger experiences in traffic: The Cycling Anger Scale

    On: 4. März 2019
    In: Traffic Psychology
    Views: 237
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    Abstract: Research on emotions in road traffic has focused on car drivers rather than on cyclists. However, cyclists experience cycling anger and its consequences as vulnerable road users, i.e., without having a car-like protection zone around them. To address the issue of cycling anger, we suggest a psychological measure assessing cyclists’ anger experiences in traffic, the Cycling Anger Scale (CAS). This questionnaire assesses cyclists’ anger experiences in interaction with their cycling environment. A principal component analysis and a following confirmatory factor analyses with two different samples proposed a 14 items questionnaire solution with four subscales: police interaction, car interaction, cyclist interaction, and pedestrian interaction. Alpha reliabilities were acceptable to good. The CAS correlated significantly with the Driving Anger Scale (DAS) for car drivers and with the general State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI) suggesting convergent validity. Additionally, we examined the relations between cycling anger, demographics, and self-reported cycling behavior. We conclude that the CAS provides a complementary efficient instrument for measuring cycling anger in road traffic.

    Free access on ScienceDirect until April 21st, 2019:

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  • Volvo drosselt Tempo seiner Autos

    On: 4. März 2019
    In: Automotive, Traffic Psychology
    Views: 242
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    Ab 2020 soll kein Fahrer mehr in einem neuen Volvo sterben – das ist das Ziel des Konzerns. Der schwedische Hersteller begrenzt deswegen jetzt die Höchstgeschwindigkeit seiner Autos – und plant noch weitaus mehr.

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  • Workshop ‚Emotional GaRage‘ at Auto UI 2018 – Summary

    On: 16. Oktober 2018
    In: Automotive, Traffic Psychology
    Views: 272
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    Our workshop ‚Emotional GaRage‚ at Auto UI 2018 in Toronto was the most well attended workshop at Automotive UI. The workshop was planned as a design thinking workshop to explore and design to user experiences of emotions in the vehicle. The workshop consisted of several exercises exploring the ways in which emotions could be detected, the relative difficulty of detecting different emotions in different channels, identifying the most significant emotions that occur during driving, speculating on how autonomous driving will change the emotions associated with driving and a design prototyping session in which people prototyped solutions to emotionally difficult situations on the road. At the end of the workshop we recorded one minute videos reflecting on our experiences.

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  • Was ältere Nutzer Assistenzrobotern zutrauen – Eine Frage des Designs?

    On: 1. September 2018
    In: HRI, Robots
    Views: 289
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    Oehl, M., Kamps, M., Wesa, M. & Sutter, C., (2018). Was ältere Nutzer Assistenzrobotern zutrauen – Eine Frage des Designs?. In: Dachselt, R. & Weber, G. (Hrsg.), Mensch und Computer 2018 – Tagungsband. Bonn: Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V..

    Zusammenfassung:
    Diese experimentelle Studie untersucht die Akzeptanz älterer Nutzer für persönliche Roboterassistenz in unterschiedlichen Aufgabenbereichen. Auf Basis der von Smarr et al. (2014) entwickelten „Assistance Preference Checklist“ beurteilten ältere Probanden ihre Akzeptanz für Roboterassistenz. Als Stimulusmaterial der experimentellen Variation wurden Fotos zweier unterschiedlicher Robotertypen verwendet, um zusätzlich den Einfluss des Designs auf die Akzeptanz zu untersuchen. Die Probanden zeigten eine grundsätzliche Offenheit für Roboterassistenz, diskriminierten jedoch zwischen den Tätigkeitskategorien. Tätigkeiten mit viel Interaktion zwischen Benutzer und Roboter wurden weniger akzeptiert als z. B. Haushaltsaufgaben. Diese Ergebnisse sind im Einklang mit ähnlichen Studien. Das Design des Roboters hatte nur einen geringen Einfluss auf die Bewertung.

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  • Mensch und Computer 2018 in Dresden (02.-05.09.2018)

    On: 1. September 2018
    In: Allgemein, Automotive, HRI, Robots, Traffic Psychology
    Views: 299
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    Die Ausbreitung der Informationstechnik in alle Lebensbereiche macht praktisch alle Menschen auf unterschiedliche Weise zu Benutzerinnen oder Benutzern von Computern. Wurde die Frage der Benutzbarkeit bisher primär für Computer am Arbeitsplatz gestellt, so stellt sich am Anfang des neuen Jahrtausends die Frage viel breiter. Die Frage der Benutzbarkeit ist eine zentrale Frage in einer sich entwickelnden Informationsgesellschaft. Die Konferenzreihe “Mensch und Computer” eine Anstrengung, um verschiedene Fachgebiete und Praxisfelder in einen fruchtbaren Diskurs zu bringen und um voneinander zum Nutzen möglichst vieler Menschen zu lernen.

    Die aktuelle Mensch und Computer findet in Dresden statt (02.-05.09.2018).

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  • Influences on anger in German urban cyclists

    On: 13. August 2018
    In: Traffic Psychology
    Views: 684
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    Huemer, A. K., Oehl, M., & Brandenburg, S. (2018). Influences on anger in German urban cyclists. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 58, 969-979.

    Abstract: Previous research shows that anger and aggression among road users lead to maladjusted driving and a higher risk of accidents. Especially cyclists as vulnerable road users have a high risk of being injured if they are involved in accidents. This paper examines reasons for cycling anger in two studies. The first study aimed at identifying anger provoking events. Seventy-three cyclists were invited to discuss anger provoking events in a focus group setting. These events were rated regarding their anger intensity, clustered within focus groups, and aggregated across all groups. The first study revealed 208 unique cycling anger provoking events of varying anger intensity that were summarized in six clusters. The second study aimed at validating these anger provoking events, the ratings, and the clusters. Here, 129 participants were asked to complete a four-time point diary study (over the course of ten days), in which they registered all anger provoking events that they experienced while cycling. The results of this study validated most of the anger provoking events of the first study. Both studies show that most anger provoking events are related to conflicts between cyclists with other road users like car drivers and pedestrians. Moreover, conflicts with car drivers seem to cause stronger anger among cyclists than conflicts with other cyclists or pedestrians. Implications for further research and the planning of road infrastructure are discussed.

    50 days‘ free access to the article. Anyone clicking on this link before September 29, 2018 will be taken directly to the final version of your article on ScienceDirect, which they are welcome to read or download. No sign up, registration or fees are required: https://authors.elsevier.com/c/1XXT54tTwCcpLb

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  • Automotive UI 2018 – Emotional GaRage: A Workshop on In-Car Emotion Recognition and Regulation

    On: 13. August 2018
    In: Automotive, Traffic Psychology
    Views: 331
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    Join us for our workshop ‚Emotional GaRage‚ on in-car emotion detection and regulation at Automotive UI 2018, the ACM International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications, is the premier forum for UI research in the automotive domain. The conference brings together researchers and practitioners interested in both the technical and the human aspects of in-vehicle user interfaces and applications, to provide a forum for the exchange of technical information concerning research (and practice) and educational activities for motor vehicle user interface development.

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